Kaiser pass road opening date 201812/13/2023 ![]() ![]() It is defined as “the significant changes in the different elements of metrology such as temperature and precipitation, for which averages have been computed over a long period” ( Malhi et al., 2021). Climate change is one of the biggest challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural crops. The increasing population demands more food and exerts an extra burden on agricultural resources ( Ray et al., 2013). ![]() The other challenges include climate change and population growth ( Abberton et al., 2016). The world’s population is gradually up-surging and the biggest challenge is food security. In nutshell, the smart breeding toolkit in the post-genomics era can steadily help in developing climate-smart future food crops.Ĭlimate change scenario and its effect on agriculture and food security In this review, we discuss the aspects of marker-assisted breeding and recent perspectives of breeding approaches in the era of genomics, bioinformatics, high-tech phonemics, genome editing, and new plant breeding technologies for crop improvement. In recent years genomics is coupled with marker-assisted breeding to unravel the mechanisms to harness better better crop yield and quality. The availability of decoded plant genomes offers an opportunity at a glance to identify candidate genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), molecular markers, and genome-wide association studies that can potentially aid in high throughput marker-assisted breeding. The dawn of next-generation sequencing technologies and omics approaches has accelerated plant breeding by providing the genome sequences and transcriptomes of several plants. In this scenario, the extensive exploration of available wild, resistant or susceptible germplasms and unraveling the genetic diversity remains vital for breeding programs. The traits controlling genes for stress or disease tolerance are economically imperative in crop plants. Climate change-driven global warming can trigger higher insect pest pressures and plant diseases thus affecting crop production sternly. Improving the crop traits is highly required for the development of superior crop varieties to deal with climate change and the associated abiotic and biotic stress challenges. Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Rubab Zahra Naqvi † Hamid Anees Siddiqui † Muhammad Arslan Mahmood † Syed Najeebullah Aiman Ehsan Maryam Azhar Muhammad Farooq Imran Amin Shaheen Asad Zahid Mukhtar Shahid Mansoor Muhammad Asif * ![]()
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